Learn About Salad Greens

Posted in: Other Vegetables
Learn About Salad Greens

How To Sow    How To Grow    Tips    Common Pests    FAQ

How to Sow

  • For optimum flavor, grow in cool weather.
  • Sow in rich soil early in spring when the ground can be worked.
  • Sow in rows 6-8 inches apart. Seeds can be broadcast thinly along rows or wide bands.  Sow ¼ inch deep. Firm lightly and keep soil evenly moist.
  • Seedlings emerge in 10-14 days depending on soil and weather conditions.
  • For continuous crops, resow every other week until the weather gets too warm.
  • In hot weather, provide shade to slow bolting.
  • For a mature harvest, thin to stand to 6 inches apart when 1-2 inches high. If growing as a baby leaf, do not thin.

How to Grow

  • Keep weeds under control during the growing season. Weeds compete with plants for water, space and nutrients, so control them by either cultivating often or use a mulch to prevent their seeds from germinating. Avoid disturbing the soil around the plants when weeding.
  • Keep plants well watered during dry periods to promote rapid, uninterrupted growth. Plants need about 1 inch of rain per week during the growing season. Use a rain gauge to check to see if you need to add water. It’s best to water with a drip or trickle system that delivers water at low pressure at the soil level. If you water with overhead sprinklers, water early in the day so the foliage has time to dry off before evening, to minimize disease problems. Keep the soil moist but not saturated.
  • Monitor for pests and diseases. Check with your local Cooperative Extension Service for pest controls recommended for your area.

Harvest and Preserving Tips

  • Quick and easy to harvest.
  • Most can be cut in 30-55 days. Radicchios take up to 90 days to harvest.
  • Harvest baby leaves when 4-6 inches long.
  • Fresh salad greens can be cut at your own leisure, shortly before preparing salads.
  • Great for salads! Pick and choose leaves to combine colors, crispness and flavors from different varieties.
  • Cut when leaves are crisp, in the cool morning. Avoid harvest during times of intense heat.
  • Refrigerate the harvest to preserve until used.

Common Disease Problems

Alternaria Leaf Spot: Small, round reddish brown spots with white to gray centers for on the upper surface of the leaves. The lesions may encircle the stems and cause wilt. This disease is worse in warm, wet or very humid weather. Burpee Recommends: Avoid getting water on the foliage. Remove infected plant parts and do not work around wet plants. Provide plenty of air circulation. Contact your Cooperative Extension Service for fungicide recommendations.

Black Rot: This bacterial disease thrives in warm and humid conditions and attacks the leaves. Yellow-orange V shaped lesions occur on the edges of the leaves and eventually dry out and the leaves fall. Burpee Recommends: Rotate crops with plants in a different family. Avoid overhead watering. Provide adequate air circulation, do not overcrowd plants. Do not work around plants when they are wet. Control weeds where the disease can overwinter.

Bacterial Leaf Spot: This causes brown water soaked spots on the foliage which eventually makes the foliage turn yellow. It thrives in cooler temperatures. Burpee Recommends: Remove infected plants. Rotate crops with plants in a different family. Avoid overhead watering. Do not work around plants when they are wet.

Damping Off: This is one of the most common problems when starting plants from seed. The seedling emerges and appears healthy; then it suddenly wilts and dies for no obvious reason. Damping off is caused by a fungus that is active when there is abundant moisture and soils and air temperatures are above 68 degrees F. Typically, this indicates that the soil is too wet or contains high amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. Burpee Recommends: Keep seedlings moist but do not overwater; avoid over-fertilizing your seedlings; thin out seedlings to avoid overcrowding; make sure the plants are getting good air circulation; if you plant in containers, thoroughly wash them in soapy water & rinse in a ten per cent bleach solution after use.

Downy Mildew: This fungus causes whitish gray patches on the undersides and eventually both sides of the leaves. Burpee Recommends: Rotate crops with plants in a different family. Avoid overhead watering. Provide adequate air circulation, do not overcrowd plants. Do not work around plants when they are wet.

Common Pest and Cultural Problems

Aphids: Greenish, red, black or peach colored sucking insects can spread disease as they feed on the undersides of leaves. They leave a sticky residue on foliage that attracts ants. Burpee Recommends: Introduce or attract natural predators into your garden such as lady beetles and wasps which feed on aphids. You can also wash them off with a strong spray, or use an insecticidal soap.

Cabbage Looper: These worms are green with a white stripe on either side, about 1-1.5 inches long. They tunnel through the heads. Burpee Recommends: Hand pick. Floating row covers can help prevent their laying eggs on the plants.

Flea Beetles: These small hopping beetles feed on plant foliage and spread diseases. Burpee Recommends: Rotate crops with plants in a different plant family. Use floating row covers to prevent damage to young foliage.

Leafminers: These insects bore just under the leaf surface causing irregular serpentine lines. The larvae are yellow cylindrical maggots and the adults are small black and yellow flies. They do not usually kill plants, but disfigure the foliage. Burpee Recommends: Remove affected foliage.

Slugs: These pests leave large holes in the foliage or eat leaves entirely. They leave a slime trail, feed at night and are mostly a problem in damp weather. Burpee Recommends: Hand pick, at night if possible. You can try attracting the slugs to traps either using cornmeal or beer. For a beer trap, dig a hole in the ground and place a large cup or bowl into the hole; use something that has steep sides so that the slugs can’t crawl back out when they’re finished. Fill the bowl about ¾ of the way full with beer, and let it sit overnight. In the morning, the bowl should be full of drowned slugs that can be dumped out for the birds to eat. For a cornmeal trap, put a tablespoon or two of cornmeal in a jar and put it on its side near the plants. Slugs are attracted to the scent but they cannot digest it and it will kill them. You can also try placing a barrier around your plants of diatomaceous earth or even coffee grounds. They cannot crawl over these.

Salad Greens FAQs

Why did my salad greens produce a tall stem and flower? The salad greens were exposed to warm weather or moisture stress prematurely OR they were not thinned enough. Once a stem starts to grow taller, the plants become bitter, tough and undesirable as an edible green.

My salad greens are bitter (inedible). Why? Always harvest in the earliest part of the morning just before the sun rises if possible. This is when all the salad greens taste their best. Once a stem starts to grow taller, the plants become bitter, tough and undesirable as an edible green.

Can I grow salad greens inside or hydroponically? Yes, salad greens may easily be grown inside under lights. They are ideal for hydroponics.

Can I grow salad greens in containers? Yes, they are great for containers and mixed varieties are pretty enough for the patio or deck.

Can I cook salad greens? In general salad greens are best when eaten fresh although they can be sautéed quickly in olive oil or used in stir fries.

May 10, 2021
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